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RF Systems
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Absorbed Radiation (SAR value) in a Human Head
The increasing use of wireless equipment has also increased the amount of radiation energy to which human bodies are exposed. A common property that measures absorbed energy is the SAR value, (specific absorption rate) to determine the amount of radiation that human tissue absorbs.
The human head...
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Balanced Patch Antenna for 6 GHz
Patch antennas are compact and easy to fabricate. The layout of the patch and the properties of the printed circuit board determine the radiation pattern.
This model is a full 3D simulation of a patch antenna. It finds the optimum radiation frequency, antenna impedance, and radiation pattern. It...
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Model of an RFID System
An RFID system consists of two main parts:
A tag or transponder with a printed circuit-board (PCB) antenna
A reader unit with a larger RF antennaThe reader antenna generates an electromagnetic field that energizes a chip (IC-circuit) inside the tag. The electromagnetic field is modulated by the ta...
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Thermal Drift in a Microwave Filter Cavity
Microwave filters are used to eliminate unwanted frequency components in the output from microwave transmitters. They are typically inserted between a power amplifier and an antenna. The amplifiers are nonlinear and produce harmonics that must be eliminated with filters that have a rather narrow pa...
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Three-Port Ferrite Circulator
A microwave circulator is a multiport device in which a wave incident on Port 1 is coupled only into Port 2; a wave incident on Port 2 is coupled only into Port 3; and so on. Circulators are used to isolate microwave components, for example, to couple a transmitter and a receiver to a common antenna...
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Photonic Crystal
Photonic crystal devices are periodic structures of alternating layers of materials with different refractive indices. Waveguides that are confined inside of a photonic crystal can have very sharp low-loss bends, which may enable an increase in integration density of several orders of magnitude....
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Electromagnetic and Structural Analysis of a Microwave Filter on a PCB
Microstrip filters can be fabricated directly on a printed circuit board (PCB) with a microstrip line going from the input to the output. Along the microstrip line there are a number of stubs of certain lengths and widths. The design of the filter involves choosing the impedance of the microstrip li...
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Microwave Oven
This is a model of the heating process in a microwave oven. The distributed heat source is computed in a stationary, frequency domain electromagnetic analysis followed. This is followed by a transient heat transfer simulation showing how the heat redistributes in the foodstuff.
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Waveguide Optimization
The optimization of components with respect to geometrical design parameters is a common task in microwave engineering. In this model the reflection coefficient of a waveguide structure is minimized, and the sensitivities of the real and imaginary parts of the reflection coefficient are extracted us...
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Conical Antenna
Conical antennas are useful for many applications due to their broadband characteristics and relative simplicity.
In this example, we study the antenna impedance and radiation pattern as functions of frequency for a monoconical antenna with a finite ground plane and a 50 ohm coaxial feed. The ro...
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