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Electromagnetic Wave & Static Applications
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Absorbed Radiation (SAR value) in a Human Head
The increasing use of wireless equipment has also increased the amount of radiation energy to which human bodies are exposed. A common property that measures absorbed energy is the SAR value, (specific absorption rate) to determine the amount of radiation that human tissue absorbs.
The human head...
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Simulating a Generator in 3D
The generator analyzed in this model consists of a rotor with permanent magnets and a nonlinear magnetic material inside a stator of the same magnetic material.
The model calculates the static magnetic fields inside and around the generator.
The nonlinearity of the magnetic material is modele...
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Balanced Patch Antenna for 6 GHz
Patch antennas are compact and easy to fabricate. The layout of the patch and the properties of the printed circuit board determine the radiation pattern.
This model is a full 3D simulation of a patch antenna. It finds the optimum radiation frequency, antenna impedance, and radiation pattern. It...
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Semiconductor Diode
A semiconductor diode consists of two regions with different doping: a p-type region with a dominant concentration of holes, and an n-type region with a dominant concentration of electrons.
The model presented here formulates the problem using three dependent variables: psi (electric potential),...
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MOS Transistor Model
The MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) is by far the most common semiconductor device, and the primary building block in all commercial processors, memories, and digital integrated circuits. During the past decades this device has experienced tremendous development, and today...
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Planar Transformer on a PCB
A planar transformer is a transformer that is integrated onto a printed circuit board (PCB). They can either be manufactured as standalone devices, or integrated into the PCB of a module. The planar structure improves the cooling characteristics and gives the device a low profile. Therefore, the mai...
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Simulating a Generator in 2D
In this model, a rotor with permanent magnets and a nonlinear magnetic material rotates within a stator of the same magnetic material.
The generated voltage in windings around the stator is calculated as a function of time. COMSOL Multiphysics models the rotation with assemblies and identity pai...
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Loudspeaker
A woofer is made from, a cone-shaped diaphragm with a voice coil wound around its apex. When an electric signal is applied to the coil, the coil and the cone start vibrating, creating sound with the same frequency as the signal.
This model computes the coil’s electrical impedance and then feed...
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Model of an RFID System
An RFID system consists of two main parts:
A tag or transponder with a printed circuit-board (PCB) antenna
A reader unit with a larger RF antennaThe reader antenna generates an electromagnetic field that energizes a chip (IC-circuit) inside the tag. The electromagnetic field is modulated by the ta...
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Simulating a Generator in 2D using Periodic Boundary Conditions
This model of a generator includes an ordinary differential equation (ODE) for the mechanical dynamics and computation of the torque resulting from the magnetic forces.
In addition, it exploits symmetry to reduce the model size to 1/8 of the original size. Periodic boundary conditions are then ut...
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