Simulation of Sound Propagation under Background Flow Field (Impact of Airflow on Sound Propagation in High-Speed Train Tunnel)

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Through StarCCM+, I obtained the velocity distribution data at a cross-section perpendicular to the direction of travel when the high-speed train runs at a speed of 350 km/h in the tunnel, as well as the temporal variation data of pressure (sound pressure) at two measuring points in that cross-section. This cross-section was imported into COMSOL by defining the functions and interpolating the data to generate the corresponding interpolation functions. The COMSOL model uses linear Euler and transient settings, assigning the velocity interpolation function to the model's background mean flow speed, while the sound pressure was applied to two boundaries through pressure (isentropic). After adding materials and meshing, the output time step for the study was set to range(0, 1/f/10, 0.1) (where f = 445 Hz, as the Fourier transform of the sound pressure data showed significant energy at this frequency), and the solver's time step was set to 1/60/f. Upon running the calculations, we found that after a certain time, the values across the entire surface began to increase abnormally, rising from 10^2 to 10^4 then 10^15, and so on. What could be the possible reasons for such results? How can I improve the simulation to successfully generate the sound field from a sound source under a velocity field? When the background mean flow field is set to 0, this issue does not occur; it only happens when it is not 0. I'm confused and seeking help. ┭┮﹏┭┮


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