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Lithium-ion batteries can have multiple active materials in both the positive and negative electrodes. For example, the positive electrode can have a mix of active materials such as transition metal oxides, layered metal oxides, olivines etc. These materials can have different design ... Read More
An isothermal single particle model formulation for a lithium-ion battery is presented in this work. The single particle model is a simplification of the 1D formulation for a lithium-ion battery along with a few assumptions. The model is typically valid for low-medium current scenarios. ... Read More
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are used in niche applications with high demands for specific energy densities, which may be as high as 500-600 Wh/kg. The chemistry is fairly complex, since multiple polysulfide species participate in the various charge transfer reactions. The chemistry ... Read More
Electrochemical supercapacitors feature relatively higher energy densities than conventional capacitors. With several advantages, such as fast charging, long charge–discharge cycles, and broad operating temperature ranges, electrochemical supercapacitors have found wide applications in ... Read More
Sodium-ion batteries (SIB) are commonly presented as an alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIB). The SIB chemistry uses Na+ instead of Li+ for electrolyte charge transport and as redox species in the electrode reactions, with the advantage of Na+ being more abundant and with a ... Read More
This example replicates the results of the Jelly Roll tutorial example using a flattened representation of the wound spiral-based geometry. See that model entry for details on the background, original geometry, materials, and the general physics setup. Mapping the original problem to a ... Read More
Due to its high capacity, silicon (Si) is often added to graphite in the negative electrode of lithium-ion batteries. Silicon–graphite blended electrodes may exhibit significant thermodynamic voltage hysteresis (“path dependence”) because the equilibrium potential of the lithium–silicon ... Read More
Rechargeable lithium-air batteries have recently attracted great interest mainly due to their high energy density. The theoretical value is about 11400 Wh/kg which is around 10 times greater than the lithium-ion batteries. In this tutorial, discharge of a lithium-air battery is ... Read More
Prismatic lithium cells are widely used in electric vehicles and battery energy storage systems. This example demonstrates the use of the Lithium-Ion Battery interface for a full 3D prismatic battery equipped with two jelly rolls. The model defines a full so-called Newman model but ... Read More
Battery electrodes featuring large heterogeneities in terms of particle sizes may sometimes not be adequately described by homogenized models using one single particle size only. As an alternative to adding multiple instances of the Additional Porous Electrode material node, this ... Read More